The sequence of events
AT about 11.20 pm on Jan 3, both the navy ship RSS Courageous (RC)
and the merchant ship ANL Indonesia (AI) were headed in the same
north-easterly direction in waters off Pedra Branca. The AI was
behind RC.
RC made a U-turn to avoid leaving Singapore waters and its patrol
limits, said one of the investigators. AI, which had the RC in its
radar, assessed that the smaller vessel that was coming at it would
pass safely on its port (left) side.
But the RC altered course to port at 11.30 pm, putting it on a
collision course with the AI. At this point, the vessels were 1.7
nautical miles (3 km) apart.
In the next three minutes, the RC made two further alterations of
course to port.
At about 11:33 pm, the AI altered its course to starboard (right)
to give the RC a wider berth, that is, to increase the passing
distance between the two ships.
A littel after 11.33 pm, while the AI was turning to starboard, its
crew saw the starboard sidelight of the RC, which meant that RC had
altered course to port. Once again, AI altered course to
starboard.
At 11.34 pm, the RC made an alteration of course to port again and
sped up. By then, the distance between the two vessels was down to
0.8 nautical mile (1.4 km). AI sounded a prolonged blast on its
horn to alert the RC.
At about 11.35 pm, the RC made a helm order of 'hard-a-port' and
gunned its engine at full throttle. The vessels collided at just
after 11.35 pm.

Current Affairs Manager,
COB
Singapore