"out of thesis comes synthesis - thesis, anti-major premise,
anti-premise, synthesis, so we progress..."
Wikipedia: Hegelian Dialetics.
Karl Popper.
From wikipedia:
"In chapter 12 of volume 2 of The
Open Society and Its Enemies (1944; 5th rev.
ed., 1966) Popper unleashed a famous attack on Hegelian dialectics,
in which he held Hegel's thought (unjustly, in the view of some
philosophers, such as Walter
Kaufmann,[37]) was to some degree
responsible for facilitating the rise of fascism in Europe by
encouraging and justifying
irrationalism. In section 17 of his 1961 "addenda" to The Open
Society, entitled "Facts, Standards, and Truth: A Further
Criticism of Relativism," Popper refused to moderate his criticism
of the Hegelian dialectic, arguing that it "played a major role in
the downfall of the
liberal movement in Germany,. . . by
contributing to historicism
and to an identification of might and right, encouraged totalitarian modes of thought.
. . . [and] undermined and eventually lowered the
traditional standards of intellectual responsibility and honesty"
(The Open Society and Its Enemies, 5th rev. ed., vol. 2
[Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966], p. 395)."
"
In The Open Society and Its Enemies, Popper developed a
critique of historicism
and a defense of the open
society, liberal
democracy. The book comes in two volumes, volume
one subtitled "The Spell of Plato"[1],
and volume two, "The High Tide of Prophecy: Hegel, Marx, and the
Aftermath"[2]
The subtitle of the first volume is also its central premise —
namely, that most Plato interpreters through the
ages have been seduced by his greatness. In so doing, Popper
argues, they have taken his political philosophy as a benign idyll,
rather than as it should be seen: a horrific totalitarian nightmare of
deceit, violence, master-race rhetoric, and eugenics..."