4 speed ZF also out of regular production liao, want must
scavenge from other buses lols...
By putting an example, upon a velocity range of 0 to 60 km/h, a
6-speed can afford to change gear at 1400-1500 RPM nominal, cruise
at 60 km/h at 1300 or less RPM. Whereas a 4-speed changes gears at
about the same range, but cruise at 60 km/h at 1800 RPM nominal,
causing greater fuel burn gradualy, if constantly cruising at the
same speed.
For a Voith 3-speed, it would be slightly worse, in this case
taking an articulated bus as example, gear change from 1st to 2nd
occurs about 1900-2000 RPM, 2nd to 3rd, contributed by the DIWA
series its lowered to 1500-1600 RPM for a gear change, but cruising
at 60 km/h is about 2100 RPM, between the range of green and orange
on the tachometer!
Gearbox speeds are about gear ratios, the more tightly packed
your gear ratios, the more times u have to change gears and the
lesser RPM travel u will have for each gear. However, according to
a technical report, it also causes more wear on the clutch plates,
by constantly changing gears, your engine will also be
stressed.
A ZF 6-speed (6HP592C, CAN bus capable) has gear ratios of, from
1st the 6th, 3.43, 2.01, 1.42, 1.00, 0.83, 0.59, while a Voith
3-speed (DIWA 863.3E, enhanced version) features gear ratios of,
from 1st to 3rd, 5.90 (for DIWA versions) (5.1-5.4 for differential
4), 1.43 (1.36 for differential 4), 1.00.
The larger the gear ratio, theoratically, you can have higher
traction and lesser speed, that is why its said that Voith 3-speeds
can easily climb gradients. This would also have to be dependant on
your vehicle's axle differential and ratios and actual engine
power, engine conditions and operating conditions etc...