last time, the aim of bus services to provide as many direct,
point-to-point services so it'd be convenient for passengers
getting to the most popular destinations like shenton way, orchard.
even ulu villages like tuas, lim chu kang and choa chu kang had a
direct service to shenton way.
duplication is common, and accepted as the norm.
when the MRT came about, duplication became taboo.