"Camel spiders are the subject of a variety of legendary claims,
many of them familiar to Americans because they were spread by U.S.
servicemen who served in the Persian Gulf War in 1991, and
re-spread at the beginning of the Iraq War in 2003:
Camel spiders can grow to be as large as dinner plates.
Camel spiders can traverse desert sand at speeds up to 25 MPH,
making screaming noises as they run.
Camel spiders can jump several feet in the air.
Camel spiders eat the stomachs of camels, hence the name "camel
spider." (Legend includes the detail that camel spiders eat camel
stomachs from either the outside in or the inside out. In the
former case they supposedly jump up from the ground and grab onto
camels' bellies from underneath; in the latter case exactly how
spiders allegedly as large as dinner plates get into camels'
stomachs intact remains unexplained.)
Camel spiders are venomous, and their venom contains a powerful
anesthetic that numbs their victims (thus allowing them to gnaw
away at living, immobilized animals without being noticed). U.S.
soldiers were said to have been attacked by camel spiders at night
but remained completely unaware of their plight until they awakened
in the morning to find chunks of their flesh missing.
According to most spider experts, these claims are all false. Camel
spiders (so named because, like camels, they can be found in sandy
desert regions) grow to be moderately large (about a 5" leg span),
but nowhere near as large as dinner plates; they can move very
quickly in comparison to other arthropods (a top speed of maybe 10
MPH), but nothing close 25 MPH; they make no noise; and they
capture prey without the use of either venom or anesthetic. Camel
spiders rely on speed, stealth, and the (non-venomous) bite of
powerful jaws to feed on small prey such as other arthropods (e.g.,
scorpions, crickets, pillbugs), lizards, and possibly mice or
birds. They use only three pairs of legs in running; the frontmost
pair (called pedipalpa) is held aloft and used in a similar manner
to the antennae of insects. Camel spiders shun the sun and
generally hide during the day, coming out at night to do their
hunting."
