http://www.dizang.org/rm/zxdfj/p56.htm
佛教共有多少宗派 Buddhism got how many sects
also by 圣严法师著述 Master Sheng Yen
这样算下来,中国佛教,共有十三宗之多了,其中除了成实与俱舍两宗属于小乘佛教,此外都是大乘佛教。
后来,由于各宗的相摄相抗,十三宗仅剩下了十宗,涅槃宗归入天台宗,地论宗归入华严宗,摄论宗归入法相宗。现在且把大小乘各宗与空有的关系,列表如下:
┌─成实宗─────────空宗
│
┌─小乘─┤
│ │
│ └─俱舍宗─────────有宗
│
│
│ ┌─三论宗(涅槃)─────空宗
佛教─┤ │
│ │ 天台宗(摄论)─────空宗
│ │
│ │ 唯识宗(地论)─────空宗
│ │
│ │ 华严宗─────────有宗
└─大乘─┤
│ 南山宗─────────空宗.有宗
│
│ 净土宗─────────有宗
│
│ 禅宗──────────空宗
│
└─密宗──────────空宗.有宗
there are sects that stress on emptiness/sunyata and those that
stress on existence/all things/sarvabhava(?).
our old master CK is 净土宗 and 华严宗, though he ever taught ch'an
before.
eventually, 真空非空 妙有非有. as Han Shan stated:-
All teachings in
the Tripitaka (Buddhist Canon) are tools to induce sentient beings
to sever attachment. To those attached
to Emptiness, Buddha Sakyamuni
taught Existence to break that grasp. To those attached to
Existence, He taught Emptiness so as to loosen that grasp. To those
grasping at both Emptiness and Existence, He taught "neither
Emptiness nor Existence" to break that grasp. Lastly, to those
grasping at "neither Emptiness nor Existence," He taught both
Emptiness and Existence to break that attachment. (1)
In short, the purpose is to draw all sentient beings away from
attachments. That is the Buddhist teaching of salvation. There is
no other way to return to the source [the Mind], though there are many
different expedient methods. We Buddhist
students and practitioners should not become attached to these
methods. When thoughts arise in our mind discriminating between
what method is right and what method is wrong, that is against the
purpose of the Buddhas and is a deviation from the Buddhist
path.
For example, when Buddha Sakyamuni taught the Dharma of
Emptiness, His message was not that it was the opposite of
Existence, but rather that it was Truth and Reality. What are Truth
and Reality? Let me quote the T'ien T'ai Patriarch Chih I:
Similarly, when Buddha Sakyamuni taught Existence, this was not
the opposite of Emptiness, but was rather to say:
We should understand the true meaning of Emptiness and
Existence. Nothing we say about Emptiness or Existence is
attainable (i.e., truly valid). And since this is so, why
are we still attached to them?
The Great Master Han-Shan thoroughly understood the goal of the
Buddhas. In tune with the minds of the Patriarchs, he spread the
Dharma (teaching), grasping at neither Emptiness nor Existence,
neither Non-Emptiness nor Non-Existence -- thereby manifesting the
Middle Way. Thus, he promoted the cultivation of both Zen and Pure
Land, pointing to the non-duality of Emptiness
and Existence. That teaching is "Wonderful Enlightenment" .
When practicing Zen, at the beginning of cultivation the
expedient of Emptiness is used. But Zen does not mean Emptiness,
nor does it mean Existence. Pure Land uses the expedient of
Existence at the start of practice, but Pure Land does not mean
Existence nor does it mean Emptiness. When Sakyamuni Buddha spoke
of Emptiness and Existence, it was to reach human beings of
different capacities. The Dharma itself transcends Emptiness and
Existence. All methods taught by Buddha Sakyamuni are like
prescriptions; since people suffer from different diseases, they
need many kinds of prescriptions. It does not matter whether the
medicine is expensive or cheap. As long as it is effective, it is a
good medicine .
Those who practice Zen or Pure Land should all understand this
truth: "all Dharma methods are equal and none is superior or
inferior." No one who really understands the deep meaning of the
Dharma can have the kind of obstinate prejudice that sees
inferiority and superiority between the various Buddhist methods.
No one with that kind of obstinate prejudice can gain any real
benefit from the Dharma.
http://www.ymba.org/han/hanfrm.htm
if one want to "mix", one need to be skillful in the
understanding.
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