py] Yu2qie2 shi1di4
lun4 [wg] Yü-ch'ieh shih-ti lun [ko] Yuga
saji non [ja] Yuga shiji ron ||| The Yuqie shidi lun; commonly
abbreviated as Yuqielun 瑜伽論. The
Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra. The "Discourse on the Stages of
Concentration Practice." The definitive text of the
Yogācāra 瑜伽行派 school of Buddhism. One hundred
fascicles, composed in India between 300 and 350 CE; translated
into Chinese by Xuanzang 玄奘 from July 3, 646 to June 11, 648.
In East Asia the putative author is thought to be
Maitreya 彌勒, but Tibetan tradition considers
it to have been composed by Asaṅga 無著.
In the process of
explaining the spiritual states, practices and fruits incurred in
the course of the seventeen stages leading to Buddhahood, the text
delves deeply into discussions of fundamental Yogācāra concepts
such as the ālaya-vijñāna 阿賴耶識, three natures
(trisvabhāva) 三自性 and three non-natures
(triniḥsvabhāva) 三無自性,
seeds (bījā) 種子, perfumation
(vāsanā) 熏習, the two hindrances
(āvaraṇa) 二障
and mind only
(vijñapti-mātra,
vijñāna-mātra) 唯識. The text has five major
divisions: the first division, which comprises about half the
treatise is called the "main stages division"
(bahubhūmika) 本地分 and contains seventeen sections,
each describing one of the successive seventeen stages, or bhūmis.
These are (as found in Xuanzang's 100 fascicles):
[Initial Phenomenology]
(1) The
stage of the five consciousnesses associated with the body -
pañca-vijñāna-kāya-saṃprayukta-bhūmi五識身相應地.
(First fascicle)
(2) The stage of mental intent -
mano-bhūmi意地. (fascicles 1-3)
[Dhyāna
Levels]
(3) The
stage of (initial meditative) investigation and analysis -
savitarkā-savicarā-bhūmi)
有尋有伺.
(fascicles 4-10)
Note: Xuanzang includes the next two
bhūmis within the title of this bhūmi)
(4) The
stage of analysis without investigation - avitarka-
savicarā-bhūmi 無尋唯伺地.
(5) The stage of neither investigation nor analysis -
avitarka-avicārā-bhūmi
無尋無伺地.
(6) The stage of samāhita (thought "collected" in meditation) -
samāhita-bhūmi 三摩呬多地. (fascicles 11-13)
(7) The stage of non-samāhita - asamāhita-bhūmi
非三摩呬多地.
(fascicle 13)
(8) The stage with mind - sacittaka-bhūmi
心地.
(fascicle 13)
(9) The stage without mind - acittaka-bhūmi
無心地.
(fascicle 13)
[Hearing, Thinking,
Cultivation]
(10) The
stage of actualizing what one has heard (i.e., the teachings) -
śrutamayī-bhūmī 聞所成地. (fascicles 13-15)
This deals with the
five fields of knowledge,
pañca-vidyā五明:
1. 'Inner knowledge,'
adhyātma-vidyā內明 (i.e., the truths of
Buddhism);
2. medicine, cikitsā-vidyā 藥明;
3. logic,
hetu-vidyā因明;
4. grammar and
language, śabda-vidyā
聲明;
and
5. the arts, śilpakarma-vidyā
工巧.
(11) The stage of actualizing
what one has thought (about the teachings) -
cintāmayī-bhūmi 思所成地. (fascicles 16-19)
(12) The state of actualizing what one has practiced -
bhāvanā-bhūmi 修所成地. (fascicle 20)
[Śrāvaka-bhūmi]
(13) The
stage of the Śrāvaka - śrāvaka-bhūmi
聲聞地.
(fascicles 21-34, divided as follows)
(13a) The types and
natures of the first Yoga Capacity 初瑜伽處種性地 (fascicle 21)
(13b) Interest to Enter the first Yoga
Capacity 初瑜伽處趣入地 (fascicle 21)
(13c) Going beyond the first Yoga Capacity 初瑜伽處出離地 (fascicles 22-25)
(13d) The second Yoga Capacity 第二瑜伽處 (fascicles 26-29)
(13e) The third Yoga Capacity 第三瑜伽處 (fascicles 30-32)
(13f) The fourth Yoga Capcacity 第四瑜伽處 (fascicles 33-34)
[Pratyekabuddha-bhūmi]
(14) The
stage of the Pratyekabuddha - pratyekabuddha-bhūmi
獨覺地.
(fascicle 35
[Bodhisattva-bhūmi]
(15) The
stage of Bodhisattva -
bodhisattva-bhūmi菩薩地. (fascicles 35-50)
Its subdivisions are:
[1st Bodhisattva
Section]
(15a) First taking
hold of Yogic Capacities
(āyatana)初持瑜伽處 (fascicles 35-46):
(15a.1) Chapter on
Their Types and Natures - gotra 種性品 (fascicle35)
(15a.2) Chapter on (arousing the) Mind (aspiring to Bodhi)
– prathama-cittopāda 心品 (fascicle 35)
(15a.3) Chapter on Benefiting Self and Others -
svaparārtha 自他利品 (fascicles 35-36)
(15a.4) Chapter on the Realities Referred to (by these capacities)
- tattvārtha 實真義品 (fascicle 36)
(15a.5) Chapter on Awesome Power - prabhāva
威力品 (fascicle 37)
(15a.6) Chapter on Bodhi 菩提品 (fascicle 38)
(15a.7) Chapter on the Power [affecting] types of Births -
balagotra 力種生 (fascicle 38)
[Six Pāramitās]
(15a.8) Chapter on
Giving (dāna) 施品
(fascicle 39)
(15.a.9) Chapter on Behavioral Discipline
(śīla) 戒品 (fascicles 40-42)
(15a.10) Chapter on Forebearance (kṣānti) 忍品
(fascicle 42)
(15a.11) Chapter on Vigor
(vīrya) 精進品 (fascicle 42)
(15a.12) Chapter on Quieting Mental
Anxiety 靜慮品
(15a.13) Chapter on
Insight (prajñā) 慧 (fascicle 43)
[1st Bodhisattva
Section Miscellania]
(15a.14)
Chapter on Select Topics 攝事品(fascicle 43)
(15a.15) Chapter on Giving Unlimited Offerings to those near and
far 供養親近無量品 (fascicle 44)
(15a.16) Chapter on Divisions of
Bodhi 菩提分品 (fascicles 44-46)
Bodhisattva follows good or bad
inherent abilities and good or bad cognitive bases
(15a.17) Chapter on the Qualities
(guṇāḥ)
of a Bodhisattva 菩薩功德品 (fascicle 46)
Ten Basic Qualities (in the
pursuit of Unexcelled Complete Awakening):
1. Inherent Capacity -
gotra-stha 種性（=
姓）
2. Entry - avatīrṇa入
3. Intention not yet Purified - aśuddhāśaya
未凈意
4. Intention Purified - śuddhāśaya
凈意樂
5. Not yet Matured - aparipakva
未成熟
6. Already Matured - paripakva
已成熟
7. Undetermined (i.e., still capable of backsliding) -
āniyati-patita 未墮決定
8. Determined (i.e., incapable of backsliding) -
niyati-patita 已墮決定
9. Bound to One (more) birth - eka-jāti-pratibandha
一生所繫
10. Final Body - carama-bhavika
最後身
This chapter offers multiple lists of practices for the
benefit of other sentient beings, such as:
1. When the Bodhisattva gives
rise to the Thought (cittotpāda
發心)
vowing to attain Great Bodhi (bodhicitta
大菩提), he
benefits all sentient beings by giving rise to an Equalizing
Mind.
2. Bodhisattva's mind sympathizes (with the suffering) of all
sentient beings equally.
3. Bodhisattva's mind loves all sentient beings as if each were his
only son.
4. Knowing the dispositions of one sentient being, he knows all,
helping all.
5. Benefitting one sentient being, he benefits all equally.
There are ten types of āyatanas (meditative
capacities):
1. Capacity to fully detach from
bad saṃskāras
遠離惡行處
2. Capacity to fully detach from desires
遠離諸欲處
3. Capacity to become fully engrossed without transgression
專精無犯，犯已能出處
4. Capacity to secretly guard all the sensory faculties
密護一切諸根門處
5. Capacity to abide in correct knowledge
正知住處
6. Capacity to detach from troubles and anxieties
離憒鬧處
7. Capacity to fully detach, detaching from all bad meditative
reflections 於遠離處，遠離惡尋思處
8. Capacity to fully detach from obstacles
遠離障處
9. Capacity to fully detach from being wrapped up in kleśa
(mental disturbances) 遠離一切煩惱纏處
10. Capacity to fully detach from all kleśas and the crude barriers
(dauṣṭulya)
遠離一切諸煩惱品諸麤重處
In this chapter
Asaṅga also offers a numerical list
of 'truths':
1. One truth, without a
second.
2. Two Truths, vyavahāra and paramārtha
3. Three Truths: characteristic, language and function
相諦，語諦，用諦
4. Four Noble Truths
5. Five Truths: truth of cause, truth of effect, truth of wisdom,
truth of a sense-object, best truth (hetu
因諦，phala果諦，prajñā
智諦，viṣaya
境諦，勝諦);
Etc., (up to Ten truths).
[2nd Bodhisattva
Section]
(15b) Second, Taking Hold of
Yogic Capacities by Following the Dharma (fascicles 47-48)
第二持隨法瑜伽處
(15b.1) Chapter on Characteristics of a Bodhisattva -
bodhisattva-lakṣaṇa菩薩相品(fascicle
47)
(15b.2) Chapter on Divisions (of Bodhisattvas)
分品 (fascicle 47)
Divides Bodhisattvas into laity and clerics, both of whom can
realize Unexcelled Complete Awakening
(anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi).
(15b.3) Chapter on Increasing the Intent (for Buddha-fruit)
增上意樂 *adhipati-adhyāśaya
(fascicle 47)
Bodhisattva purifies his intent through understanding and improving
his karmic condition.
(15b.4) Chapter on (types of meditative) Abodes
住品avasthāna
(fascicles
47-48)
Detailed discussion of the Twelve types of Meditative Abodes (plus
an additional Abode only for Buddhas):
1. Abode of Inherent Capacities
in one's present life - gotra-stha-avasthāna
種性(=
姓)住
2. Abode of Practicing with Confident Resolve -
adhimokṣa勝解行住
3. Joyous Abode 極歡喜住
[Śīla Samādhi Prajñā]
4. Abode of Increasing Behavioral Discipline -
adhi-śīla 增上戒住
5. Abode of Increasing Mind (=samādhi) -
adhi-citta 增上心住
(6-8. Abodes of Increasing Wisdom - adhi-prajñā
增上慧住)
6. Abode of Increasing Wisdom associated with Awakening
覺分相應增上慧住 (practicing the 37
Bodhipakṣya
dharmāḥ)
7. Abode of Increasing Wisdom associated with the truths
諸諦相應增上慧住 (Realization of the Four Noble
Truths)
8. Abode of Increasing Wisdom associated with bringing future lives
in the samsaric flow of conditioned arising to an end
緣起流轉止息相應增上慧住
[Abodes without Characterisitcs]
9. Abode Without Characteristics, [achieved through] Preliminary
Practice (prayoga) and Diligent Implementation
(abhisaṃskāra),
[so as to] advance on the Way without interruption or
impairment, 有加行有功用無間缺道運轉無相住
Knowing "the Suchness of all dharmas with nondiscriminative
wisdom" 於一切法真如無分別慧
10. Abode Without Characteristics, [achieved instantaneously]
without Preliminary Practice or Diligent Implementation, [so as to]
advance on the Way without interruption or impairment
無加行無功用無間缺道運轉無相住
The Bodhisattva, "after much practice in the previous Abodes,
spontaneously advances without interruption, without
impairment"
[Highest Abodes]
11. Adode of Understanding Without Obstructions
無礙解住 (With good, pure, immovable
wisdom, the Bodhisattva "attains Great Bodhi.")
12. Abode of the Highest Fulfillment of a Bodhisattva
最上成滿菩薩住
(Completion of the Path;
Anuttara-samyak-saṃbodhi
阿耨多羅三藐三菩提. "Maybe [the Bodhisattva] has
one more life to live, or this may be the last one.... He is able
to do what Buddhas can do.")
[Tathāgata's Abode]
13. Tathāgatas occupy a "thirteenth" Abode.
"Past all the Bodhisattva Abodes, Awakening to the Great Bodhi
Abode, he attains the Final Tathāgata Abode
最後如來住者,
the last Yogic Capacity 於後究竟瑜伽處, the final thing to be
established 建立品." Asaṅga also suggests that all who
attain the twelfth Abode will eventually reach this one.
[3rd Bodhisattva
Section]
(15c) Third, taking hold of the
final Yogic Capacities 第三持究竟瑜伽處 (fascicles 48-50)
(15c.1) Chapter on Births 生品 (fascicle 48)
On the five types of birth in the Final Yoga Abode:
1. Born to Do Away with
Calamities 除災生
2. Born According to Type (of previous existence or
practice) 隨類生
3. Born into Great Authority 大勢生
4. Birth as an Improvement (over last life)
增上生
5. Final Birth 最後生
(15c.2) Chapter on Gathering and
Receiving (Sentient Beings to Buddhism) 攝受品
(fascicle 48)
(15c.3) Chapter on Stages (bhūmi) 地品
(fascicle
49)
(Redefines terms from earlier chapters, such as 15a.17, Chapter on
the Qualities of a Bodhisattva)
(15c.4) Chapter on Practices 行品 (fascicle 49)
"In all the Bodhisattva paths, from beginning to end, there are, in
reality, only four practices":
1. Practice of the
Pāramitās 波羅密多行
2. Practice of the 37 Bodhiparikṣya dharmāḥ菩提分法行
3. Practice of the Abhijñā 神通行
4. Practice of (bringing all) Sentient Beings to Maturity
成熟有情行
(15c.5) Chapter on
Establishing 建立品 (fascicle 49)
On the One Hundred Forty Special dharmas of a Tathāgata: 32 Marks
of a Great Person; 80 minor marks; 4 types of purity; 10 powers; 4
Fearlessnesses; 3 anusmṛtis;
etc.
(15c.6) Chapter on the Established 立品
(fascicle
50)
[4th Bodhisattva
Section]
(15d) Fourth, taking hold of the
Successive Order of Yogic Capacities 第四持次第瑜伽處
(fascicle
50)
(15d.1) Chapter on the Correct Equalization of the Bodhi
Mind 正等菩提心品
[End of Bodhisattva-
bhūmi]
[Nirvana with and without
Remainder]
(16) The
stage of (nirvana with) remainder - sopādhika bhūmi
有餘衣地 (fascicle 50)
(17) The stage of (nirvana with) no remainder - nirupādhika
bhūmi 無餘衣地 (fascicle 50)
[Viniścaya]
The
second division of the text - Viniścaya ('doctrinal
exegesis') 攝決擇分 - comprising fascicles 51-80, is
a discussion of the problematic points of the seventeen stages
discussed in the prior section. Breakdown by fascicle is as
follows:
On "Association of five
consciousnesses and body" bhūmi. (fasc. 51-57).
On Vitarka-vicāra bhūmis (fasc. 58-61).
On Samāhita bhūmi (fasc. 62-63).
On Śrutamayī-prajñā bhūmi. (fasc. 64).
On Cintamayī-prajñā bhūmi. (fasc. 65-66).
On Bhāvanā-prajñā bhūmi. (fasc. 67).
On Śrāvaka-bhūmi. (fasc. 67-71).
On Bodhisattva-bhūmi. (fasc. 72-80).
[*Vyākhyāna-saṃgrahanī
]
The third
division - *vyākhyāna-saṃgrahanī
攝釋分(fasc. 81-82) - discusses the
positions of the various sutras on these points. The preponderance
of Sutras cited and discussed are Āgamas, Sanskrit corollaries of
the five Nikāyas extant in the Pali canon (Dīrgha-āgama,
Saṃyutta-āgama,
Madhyama-āgama, etc., and especially a no longer extant
Sanskrit version of the Udana quite different from the
Pali version). Incidentally these Āgamas are the texts he cites
throughout the entire Yogācārabhūmi, even in the
Bodhisattvabhūmi sections (though he does cite a few
Mahāyāna works in those sections, notably the Daśabhūmika
sūtra - Sutra on Ten Stages).
[Paryāya-saṃgrahinī]
The
fourth division - paryāya-saṃgrahinī
攝異門分 (fasc. 82-84) - explains the name
and meaning of all the dharmas explained in the sutras.
[Vastusaṃgrahanī]
The fifth section -
Vastusaṃgrahanī
攝事分 -
addresses the key points of the Buddhist teaching as found in the
Tripitaka (primarily Āgamas). Fasc. 85-88 deal with
saṃskāras
行. Fasc.
89-92 deal with āyatanas 處. Fasc. 93-96 deal with
pratītya-samutpāda 緣起食諦界. Fasc. 97-98 deal with
Bodhi 菩提.
The last two fascicles (99-100) - included by Xuanzang under the
heading of Vastusaṃgrahanī
攝事分中調伏事總擇攝 (Collected Matters: Selected
General Matters of Discipline) - discuss rules for behavioral
discipline 調伏 (vinaya, damana).
T 1579.30.279-882.
source:http://www.acmuller.net/yogacara/outlines/YBh-summary-utf8.htm