Not to kill
Based on the principle of goodwill and respect for the right to
life of all living beings. By observing this precept one learns to
cultivate loving kindness and compassion. One sees others'
suffering as one's own and endeavors to do what one can to help
alleviate their problems. Personally, one cultivates love and
compassion; socially, one develops an altruistic spirit for the
welfare of others.
Not to steal
Not to take things which are not given, signifies respect for
others' rights to possess wealth and property. Observing the second
precept, one refrains from earning one's livelihood through
wrongful means, such as by stealing or cheating. This precept also
implies the cultivation of generosity, which on a personal level
helps to free one from attachment and selfishness, and on a social
level contributes to friendly cooperation in the community.
Not to engage in improper sexual activity
Not to indulge in sexual misconduct, includes rape, adultery,
sexual promiscuity, paraphilia, and all forms of sexual aberration.
This precept teaches one to respect one's own spouse as well as
those of others, and encourages the practice of self-restraint,
which is of utmost importance in spiritual training. It is also
interpreted by some scholars to mean the abstention from misuse of
senses and includes, by extension, non-transgression on things that
are dear to others, or abstention from intentionally hurting
other's feelings.
Not to indulge in wrong speech
Not to tell lies or resort to falsehood, is an important factor in
social life and dealings. It concerns respect for truth. A respect
for truth is a strong deterrent to inclinations or temptation to
commit wrongful actions, while disregard for the same will only
serve to encourage evil deeds.
The Buddha has said: "There are few evil
deeds that a liar is incapable of committing."
The practice of the fourth precept, therefore, helps to preserve
one's credibility, trustworthiness, and honor.
Not to take intoxicating drinks and drugs
On the personal level, abstention from intoxicants helps to
maintain sobriety and a sense of responsibility. Socially, it helps
to prevent accidents, such as car accidents, that can easily take
place under the influence of intoxicating drink or drugs. Many
crimes in society are committed under the influence of these
harmful substances
