Then as to respiration meditation (anapanasati), in the
Visuddhimagga it is mentioned as samatha meditation, concentration
meditation. In the Mahasatipatthana Sutta it is mentioned as
vipassana meditation. Then how can we distinguish it between the
vipassana aspect of respiration and the samatha aspect of
respiration? If
we are mindful of the absolute reality of respiration, that will be
vipassana meditation. If we are mindful of the concept regarding
respiration, then it will be samatha
meditation.
So the Visuddhimagga mentions the method of concentrating on the
touching sensation whenever you breathe in and breathe out. When
you concentrate your mind on the coming in and going out of the
breath, then it is samatha meditation because you have to
concentrate on the coming in and going out, not on the wind or air.
When it is coming in you note in; when it is going out you note,
out. In, out, in, out. Your mind is not on the breathing air
but on the coming-in and the going-out. Coming-in and
going-out are not ultimate realities.
Say you come into the room through the door and go out of the room
through the door. We may ask, What is this coming in and going
out? it is neither you, nor a person. It is just coming-in and
going-out. It is just concept. In the same way, when you
concentrate on the coming in and going out of the breath, it is
just a concept. Since concept is the object of meditation, it is
samatha meditation. You cannot realise any specific
characteristics or general characteristics of coming-in and
going-out because they are not realities, just concepts, so
thats samatha meditation.
However, if you focus your mind on the point where the breath
touches whenever it comes in or goes out, it touches the nostrils.
When you observe this touching sensation and are mindful of
it, then it is (ultimate) reality. That touching point is
composed of the four primary material elements: pathavī dhatu, hard
or soft; apo dhatu, liquidity or cohesion; tejo dhatu, hot or cold;
vayo dhatu, movement or vibration. These four elements are there
whenever you focus your mind on the touching sensation. So the
object is absolute reality. What can we call it samatha or
vipassana meditation? It is vipassana.
That is what the Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw wrote about the
distinction between the samatha and vipassana aspects of
respiration meditation. I appreciate it very much. So then we can
say respiration meditation is vipassana meditation in accordance
with the Mahasatipatthana Sutta. We can also say that respiration
meditation is samatha in accordance with the Visuddhimagga. It is
very subtle and profound to differentiate between these two aspects
of respiration meditation, but I think those who have practised
meditation very well can differentiate between these two
aspects.
Hope this helps
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