The receiver is just a small wireless transmitter/receiver that
is connected to your usb port. As long as your don't remove it
from that particular port, I don't see how it would be
damaged.
There are various factors to consider
1) the D+ and D- pins (data) in the cable is shorted by default
renders it only for charging
2) if the keyboard supports using usb - drivers will have to
depend on Logitec - a look at logitec's website proves no
documentation or refences about using it connected to the USB
Taking into account these factors and your concerns, why
don't you just get a USB keyboard instead?