PATA is IDE, SATA is SATA.
The difference between them is minor or major, depending on how you
see it.
For PATA hard disks, you will need to set the jumpers accordingly
if you are using more than 2. For SATA, that isn't an issue.
Also, there's a speed difference. SATA is faster than PATA...
PATA disks also have more pins, more specifically, 40 pins, in 2
rows, 20 pins each.