Standard deviation makes use of all data to calculate the spread
of data from average while range only uses two data ie the largest
value data and the smallest value data, so standard deviation is a
more accurate measure.
In addition, standard deviation measures the spread of data from
the MEAN while range measures only the two extreme values ie
the difference between the largest value and smallest
value data.
Thirdly, standard deviation can be used in the statistical
analysis eg hypothesis testing.
Fourthly, standard deviation gives weightage to the deviation of
the data from the mean by squaring it ie the greater the deviation,
the greating the weightage after the squaring.
Fifthly, standard deviation gives weightage to the positive and
negative deviation of the data from the mean too.
Hence, Standard deviation is a more precise measure of spread of
data as compared to the rudimentary range measure of the spread of
data.