because it is a short form
and when you reach till higher differentials, it is an easier and
shorter way of representing them
f''(x) is differentiate f(x) twice, etc
or the '' could be replaced by (3) or other numbers, which means
3rd differential or etc...
or
when you have many different types of function
f(x), g(x), h(x), etc
it is clearer and easier if you see differentials as
f'(x), g'(x), h'(x), etc...