Manchester United's owners are £1.1bn in debt - £400m more than
previously known - after borrowing extensively against their
shopping mall business.
BBC Panorama has found evidence that the Glazer family's debt
levels may threaten their hold on the club.
A spokesman for the American family has said it holds more than
£2bn in assets.
But the extent of the debt owed by the Glazers is likely to fuel a
continuing revolt by some supporters, who oppose their ownership of
the club.
Green and gold
Details of the financial arrangements of the owners also come at a
time when the sport's governing bodies are facing questions about
Premier League debts that have reached a combined total of £3.4bn
and the growing popularity of leveraged buyouts in English
clubs.
Continue reading the main story
These are people who tell us not to worry about Manchester United
debt because they are great businessmen. In their core business in
the US they got it absolutely wrong
Andy Green City Analyst and Man U supporter
Mortgage documents seen by the BBC show that the Glazers have
borrowed £388m ($570m) against shopping malls and £66m ($95m)
against their American National Football League team, the Tampa Bay
Buccaneers.
In addition to their mortgages in the US, a portion of the Glazer
family's £700m Manchester United debt will soon see them charged
interest at a rate of 16.25%.
Fans fear that, despite the club's record of success on the pitch,
the Glazers' leveraged buy-out of United has saddled the club with
debt and that may mean that there is no spare money in the future
to buy a new generation of star players.
Disappointed fans have launched the "green and gold" campaign that
resurrects the original team colours in protest over the Glazers'
ownership.
Their numbers have reached 158,000 and former United star David
Beckham has signalled his support.
They point to the £80m sale of star striker Cristiano Ronaldo last
year and note that he has not been replaced by a player of similar
quality. Yet ticket prices have gone up by more than a third.
The club's management denies any lack of commitment to buying new
talent and says that cash is available for Sir Alex Ferguson to buy
players.
A spokesman for the Glazers confirmed that the family does have
debts of at least a £1bn, but added they have assets worth more
than double that.
Negative equity
City analyst Andy Green, 37, is the disgruntled Manchester United
supporter who first uncovered the extent of the Glazers'
debts.
Mr Green said: "They borrowed more money at inflated valuations
right at the top of the cycle.
"These are people who tell us not to worry about Manchester United
debt because they are great businessmen. In their core business in
the US they got it absolutely wrong."
Man U's Nani The Glazers have defended their ownership of the
team
The debt levels at the club are also drawing the attention of other
prominent football figures.
Dave Whelan, Chairman of Wigan Athletic, told Panorama: "I don't
think anybody can be satisfied with how Manchester United are being
run... they have got somewhere in the order of three-quarters of a
billion pounds worth of debt. That has got to be eliminated and
eliminated quickly."
The Glazer family's main assets are the shopping centre business in
America, First Allied Corporation, along with Manchester United and
the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
First Allied is a private business and its accounts are not
publicly available. But Mr Green discovered that the Glazers'
shopping mall mortgages had been bundled with other loans as
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities.
Those bundles are publicly traded and therefore require the Glazers
to provide detailed information on all the mortgages, which are
then publicly available in the US.
Mr Green found mortgages - confirmed by the BBC - on 63 of 64 First
Allied shopping centres, totalling £388m ($570m).
Most of those were taken out with Lehman Brothers before the US
investment banking giant went bankrupt, triggering the global
banking crisis in 2008.
'Watch list'
While Lehmans collapsed, the Glazers' mortgage debt lived on and
many of those shopping centres are not generating enough income to
keep up with interest payments.
With falling commercial property values, many are also now in
negative equity.
Banks have put 28 of the shopping centres on a watch list, meaning
they are worried about the loans.
Four shopping centres - one each in Ohio, New Mexico, Texas and
Georgia - have already gone bankrupt.
When they bought Manchester United in 2005, the Glazer family
borrowed £500m and paid the remaining £272 million in cash.
Mr Green found that the Glazers had remortgaged 25 of their
shopping centres in the six months before the takeover.
He believes the family borrowed against their US properties to pay
for United: "At the time when they had to present a huge amount of
cash over here in the UK they borrowed a huge amount of extra money
in the US and publicly they didn't buy anything else that
year."
A spokesman for the family did not respond to questions about the
mortgages taken out by First Allied.
But with properties now worth £378m ($555m) but mortgages valued at
£388m ($570m), the shopping mall company now appears to be worth
next to nothing.
'Commercial expertise'
That financial picture has analyst Mr Green questioning how the
Glazers will service their £1.1bn debt.
A green and gold supporter sells scarves Fans are wearing green and
gold in protest over the Glazers' ownership
United chief executive, David Gill, has said: "We're very confident
the business model we have in place will ensure the club can
continue to compete at the top of football for many years to
come.
"The owners have been true to their word since they took over the
club in 2005. They've brought commercial expertise and commercial
benefit to us in a numbers of areas, and we've seen our revenues
grow significantly."
The Glazers' most troublesome debts are held by Red Football, the
parent company that owns Manchester United.
They are payment in kind loans, or PIKs, worth £200m and the
interest owing on them will soon rise to 16.25%.
Mr Gill told the BBC in January: "We don't worry about the PIK
repayment. That's nothing to with the club."
A spokesman for Manchester United told the BBC last week that the
club stands behind Mr Gill's assertion that the debts will be
repaid without involving the club.
But sources close to the Glazers have confirmed that Red Football
will use cash from Manchester United to pay off the PIKs in the
future. The Glazers are said to be "comfortable" with the
PIKs.
The situation at Manchester United reflects the wider issue within
the Premier League, where clubs like Liverpool and West Ham are
struggling with huge debts and FA Cup finalists Portsmouth barely
staved off bankruptcy.
Both the Premier League and the FA declined requests for interviews
on the subject of debt in football.
Panorama: Man United - Into the Red, BBC One, Tuesday, 8 June at
2235BST and then available on the BBC iPlayer .
news.bbc.co.uk