I agree with you that our knowledge of the world through
science, or otherwise is merely a drop in an ocean.
But if by dogma you mean religious dogma = 'established belief
thought to be authoritative and not to be disputed or doubted',
then I do not share this idea.
Science has many theories that are firmly established and taken as
facts. But it's still not considered dogma because it can still be
cast away should a better theory arise through overwhelming
evidence and reasoning. One example is the origins of the universe.
Initially, the prevailing scientific opinion was that the universe
exists in a steady-state but as more evidences pile up, the best
theory we have regarding the origins of the universe is the Big
Bang theory while the Steady-state theory was shed.
Another example is the theory of evolution which still stands
strong due to overwhelming evidence. If there is a theory which can
explain the origins of species better than evolution, then
evolution will be cast aside.
But in religion, scientific theories are discarded based on
accordance with religious beliefs, and accepted if it fits. How
convenient don't you think?