PHNOM PENH - Asia-Pacific nations launched negotiations on Tuesday
for two giant free trade pacts that diplomats said may foster
warmer ties at a time of deep tensions over multiple territorial
rows.
China, Japan and South Korea, embroiled in maritime disputes that
have frayed diplomatic ties, began talks for a free trade agreement
when their trade ministers met on the sidelines of an Asian summit
in Cambodia.
Talks will start in earnest early next year, the three said in a
joint statement announcing the start of the negotiations.
Negotiations for a separate Regional Comprehensive Economic
Partnership (RCEP) involving the three Asian economic powerhouses
and 13 other nations were also launched almost simultaneously at
the East Asia Summit.
China is locked in a series of territorial disputes with four
planned members of the RCEP - the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia
and Brunei - and tensions over those rival claims flared yet again
at the Cambodia talks.
But Surin Pitsuwan, head of the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) which hosts the annual summit, said all parties
understood that they could not afford to let the disputes hold back
lucrative trade agreements.
"The effort is to try to isolate the two issues. Economic
integration will have to go forward... because everybody is going
to benefit from this new architecture," he told AFP.
The launch of talks for both trade pacts came amid a particularly
deep strain in ties between China and Japan, Asia's two biggest
economies, over competing claims to islands in the East China
Sea.
Their trade relationship, which is worth well over $300 billion a
year, has suffered as the escalation in tensions fanned nationalist
flames.
Anti-Tokyo riots shook Chinese cities in September, with the
violence leaving some Japanese businesses in ruins.
A Chinese consumer boycott of Japan-brand goods also left the likes
of the Japanese auto giant Nissan forecasting a large drop in sales
in the world's largest car market.
Meanwhile, Japan and South Korea are locked in another row over
islands in waters between their countries.
Tensions boiled over in August after a surprise visit by South
Korean President Lee Myung-Bak to the Dokdo islands, known as
Takeshima in Japan.
But, if successful, the three-way talks would create one of the
world's biggest free-trade zones. Trade between the three countries
already totalled $514.9 billion in 2011, according to the Japanese
government.
The Chinese government, which has eschewed top-level talks with
Japan amid the rise in tensions, nevertheless sees the advantage of
pursuing the free trade agreement.
"We have to take the FTA of Japan, China and South Korea in a
broader context, that is East Asia cooperation," Chinese foreign
ministry spokesman Qin Gang told reporters in Phnom Penh.
"We believe that the FTA will be a very important vehicle in
forging a broader trade arrangement in this region."
The RCEP offers potentially even greater riches, with the 16
nations involved currently accounting for half of the world's
population and a third of global economic output.
It would cover all 10 ASEAN members, as well as China, Japan, South
Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand, and would be the world's
biggeset free trade deal if realised.
All the countries have bilateral FTAs with ASEAN on which they can
build.
However, as with the proposed South Korea-China-Japan free trade
pact, no timetable has been set for the completion of
negotiations.
Iman Pambagyo, Indonesia's director-general for international
trade, told AFP that he expected closer trade ties between the
rival nations would help them better manage their decades-long
territorial disputes.
"At the end, it is economic development and improvement of
well-being that matters the most... with improved welfare comes
moderation," he told AFP.
http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20121120-384753.html
President Obama’s push to expand trade with a cluster of mid-sized
Asian nations is couched in terms of increasing U.S. jobs and
exports, but there’s a larger aim: forcing China to speed the
opening of its economy and curbing some of the country’s economic
clout.
Approaching his second term as China inaugurates its own new
leadership team, Obama is pushing deeper into a “pivot” toward Asia
that aims to strengthen security ties with U.S. allies in the
region and reshape the American presence across the continent.
The complex U.S.-China relationship — partly
cooperative, intensely competitiveand of global importance —
has made trade a central part of that strategy as the
administration tries to build an economic bloc that would virtually
encircle China with U.S. economic allies.
The effort received a boost during Obama’s current Asia trip when
Thailand announced it hopes to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), an
under-construction free-trade agreement that includes several
nations on China’s southern frontier, as well as others elsewhere
in the region and in South America.
Officials from Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and other TPP nations
are scheduled to meet with Obama in Cambodia on Tuesday to discuss
the wide-ranging trade agreement. The session occurs just before
Obama holds his last face-to-face talks with outgoing Chinese
leader Wen Jiabao.
The administration is trying to complete the TPP talks in the
coming year. If successful, it will present China’s new leaders
with a potentially large, U.S.-influenced trading bloc emerging on their home
turf.
“This isn’t about marginalizing China, but about defining the
agenda” for economic policy in the region, said Mireya Solis, a
senior fellow at the Brookings Institution and associate professor
at American University.
While U.S. officials tout the potential export benefits of the TPP,
National Security Council spokesman Ben Rhodes said ahead of
Obama’s trip that it is also about “advancing our values as well as
our interests . . . . We see extraordinary potential in
deepening the economic ties within the Asia Pacific.”
Individually, the eight nations involved with the United States in
the TPP are of modest economic interest. The United States already
has trade agreements with several of them, including as Singapore
and Australia. The others are mid-sized nations whose potential to
buy U.S. exports, absorb American investment or provide low-priced
goods for the American market is dwarfed by the roughly
half-trillion dollars in goods and services that moves between the
United States and China each year.
Trade between the United States and Thailand, for example, amounted
to only $34 billion in 2011 — with Thai shrimp, seafood and locally
assembled electronics moving in one direction, and U.S. wheat,
semiconductors and industrial chemicals and equipment moving in the
other.
But the list of TPP countries is growing. Mexico and Canada are
negotiating to join, making preferential access to the giant North
American market a prize for any other country that joins. Japan,
the world’s third-largest economy, behind China, has also expressed
interest. The United States already completed a free-trade
agreement last year with South Korea, an important American
political and economic ally to China’s north. The addition of
Thailand would extend the TPP’s potential sweep along China’s
southern border.
Successful conclusion of the TPP is not guaranteed. Some civil
society groups oppose the pact, arguing that it may weaken drug
access in less developed members of the TPP, or lead to more
offshoring of U.S. manufacturing jobs.
The agreement itself, however, is being negotiated squarely with
China in mind — either as a potential member, or as a nation that
may have to respond to the rules and policies set by the TPP
nations.
The talks, approaching their 15th round next month in New Zealand,
address many old-line trade concerns, as countries such as
Australia push to get more of their locally grown sugar into the
United States, and Vietnam lobbies to further open the U.S. market
to its textile and footwear products.
But the talks are far broader than many of the bilateral agreements
the United States has struck in recent years. They are delving into
issues such as patent protections for pharmaceutical companies,
regulation of the Internet, the opening of financial and other
service sectors for U.S. companies and how to set clear rules for
the management of state-owned enterprises.
Many of those cutting edge questions involve issues in which the
United States has clashed with China and pushed for reform. U.S.
officials hope that establishing clear standards on those issues
within the TPP might provide incentive for China to change — if
companies, for example, begin favoring Vietnam or Malaysia for new
investments because of the access it gives them to the United
States and other TPP nations.
“They want to make this the free-trade area of the Asia-Pacific,”
said Scott Miller, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies. “You have some meaningful economies in it
now that are willing to accept the obligations . . . . If
China wants to follow the standards there is no reason they could
not join.”
http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/on-asia-trip-obama-presses-economic-counter-to-china/2012/11/19/3fbeddca-327f-11e2-9cfa-e41bac906cc9_story.html