Do the railways in Europe all run on 1 type of gauge? I notice
most of them run on catenary. Are there any other electrification
systems?
Gauge wise, the same.
But there is narrow gauge, predominantly in mountainous
Switzerland where the private railways operate narrow gauge.
Die Zentralbahn is one famous operator.
In Eastern Europe, the Russian Broad Gauge runs in Ukraine and
parts of Poland.
Most of the time, trains in Europe run on catenary. There are
some DMUs though, famous ones are the ICE TD that DB Deutsche Bahn
operates, to Copenhagen via Hamburg from Berlin
Ostbahnhof/Zoologischer Garten. This is because trains to
Copenhagen usually go by trainferries, and have to be disconnected
from catenary if so, unless they take a circuitous routing through
the Netherlands.
Electrification systems. Many. Up to four in Western Europe
alone.
Too long to list, but for a fact, France predominates, then the
German/Austrian one, the Netherlands has one, and Switzerland has
two.
