The island of Rottnest near Perth, Australia is the primary home
of the quokka, a type of marsupial. Quokkas have round, compact
bodies that are 40-54 cm (16-21 in.) in length. They are covered
with short, coarse brown-grey fur and have small rounded ears and a
black nose.
An early Dutch visitor to the island, Willem de Vlamingh,
mistook the marsupials for large rats when he arrived in 1696. He
named the island “Rattennest” (Dutch for “Rat’s Nest”), which was
later adapted to Rottnest.
Aside from Rottnest Island, small groups of quokkas also inhabit
the mainland in Western Australia, as well as Bald Island, a small
island to the southwest. Groups of quokkas live in territories,
which are defended by dominant males. They often live in tall grass
near water sources. Quokkas can also climb trees!
Quokkas are herbivores who primarily feed at night, meaning they
are mainly nocturnal. They eat the leaves, stems, and bark of many
plants in addition to grass. If necessary, they can survive for
long periods of time without food or water by living off the fat
stored in their tails.
On the mainland, quokkas can breed all year round, but on
Rottnest Island they only breed from January to August. After a
month of gestation, the female gives birth to a baby called a joey.
Females can give birth twice a year.
The joey lives in its mother’s pouch for six months. Once it
leaves the pouch, the joey relies on its mother for milk for two
more months. At 1.5 years old, quokkas are old enough to have their
own babies. In the wild, quokkas can live up to ten years.
The IUCN RED list classifies the quokka as vulnerable due to
declining populations and loss of habitat from logging and
development. Threats include foxes, dogs, and cats on the mainland,
which has limited their population. On Rottnest, there are no
foxes, dogs, or cats, but human visitors have killed quokkas out of
cruelty. Quokkas are also at risk of developing muscular
dystrophy, a disease in which muscles are damaged and weakened.
