Years ago, on a harsh winter morning in Ladakh in
the northernmost Himalayas in India, a young and curious boy in a
remote mountain village of the cold desert, watched as water came
out of a semi-frozen pipe, collected in a small crater on the
ground and froze instantly, just like a glacier.
Decades later, the boy, Chewang Norphel – now a civil
engineer with the Jammu and Kashmir Rural Development Department –
took inspiration from his childhood observations and devised an
‘artificial glacier’ to solve the water crisis in his
community.
Spurred by the success of his experiment, he went on to
create 17 such artificial glaciers across Ladakh, thereby earning
his nickname, “The Ice Man of India”.
Most of his projects received financial aid from
several state-run programs, the army and various national and
international NGOs.
Now an 80-year-old source of inspiration, Norphel’s
journey was not easy, as people initially used to laugh at him and
called him “pagal” (crazy).
But that did not deter him, as all he saw was a grave
water problem which needed a solution – and he had
one.
The rivers in the region are the main source of fresh
water, but since they flow at lower altitudes, they are of no use
to villages at relatively higher altitudes.
The farmers in the region only have access to flowing
water in June, when the natural glaciers, situated some 5,000 feet
above and 20-25 km away from the villages, melt annually.
“At the time of sowing in April-May, the glacial
streams are frozen and rivers flow way too low to fetch water,”
Norphel described.
The water that flowed through the lower regions in the
winter months, was often wasted.
The solution was, to find a way to store this wasted
water. “So I thought: what if there were glaciers at lower
altitudes which would melt sooner due to relatively higher
temperature? Thus came the idea of artificial glaciers. It’s a
technique to harvest winter waste water in the form of ice. And by
creating artificial glaciers at relatively lower altitudes, it was
possible to get water when it was needed,” Norphel said.
The work to construct a glacier starts in October when
the villagers divert the glacial streams, and create embankments in
the form of steps to slow down the velocity of water.
“We assure that the depth is kept only a few inches, so
that it freezes easily,” he said.
Norphel has built glaciers at the toughest terrains in
Ladakh including one at Dha, the native village of the Brokpa tribe
which is renowned in the entire region for their distinct culture
and their role during the Kargil war.
But close to his heart is the 1,000-feet-wide glacier
that he built at the Phukte valley which supplies water to five
villages. The glacier was built at the cost of approximately Rs
90,000.
Norphel said that the cost of an artificial glacier
today could go up to Rs 15 lakh, depending on its size and
capacity.
“No one took me seriously (in the beginning); today
they all are benefited,” says the humble old man, rarely seen
without a pleasant smile on his face. “These glaciers are my pride
and the fact that my concept has helped so many people gives me
peace of mind.”