there was a case where a couple died in their car, in a
mult-storey carpark. The car was found with the engine dead, but
the ignition and air-con on. It was found out that the car had
rusted holes in the floorboard.
So even if ya not in an enclosed space, there will still be a
chance of CO2 being sucked in fron the exhaust from the back,
unless the outside weather is breezy and not blowing from behind to
front. The effects is similiar to being in an enclosed space, just
takes a longer time along with the right conditions outside.