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The English word "earth" has cognates in many modern and ancient
languages. Examples in modern tongues include aarde in Afrikaans
and Dutch, and Erde in German. The root has cognates in extinct
languages such as ertha in Old Saxon and ert (meaning "ground" ) in
Middle Irish, derived from the Old English eorðe. All of these
words derive from the Proto-Indo-European base *er-.
Several Semitic languages have words for "earth" similar to those
in Indo-European languages. Arabic has ard; Akkadian, irtsitu;
Aramaic, araa; Phoenician, erets (which appears in the Mesha
Stele); and Hebrew, ארץ (arets, or erets when not preceded by a
definite article, or when followed by a noun modifier). The
etymological connection between the words in Indo-European and
Semitic languages are uncertain, though, and may simply be
coincidence.