Well, any aircraft with a thrust to weight ratio of more than 1
to 1, or even NEAR 1 to 1 can streak off the runway at high angles.
As long as its not vertical, they 'd be able gain altitude fast. Of
course, having more than 1 to 1 will allow it to ACCELERATE and
CLIMB at the same time. Where as, those with less than 1 to 1,
trades airspeed for altitude.
Naval aircraft, those that land on carriers are specially designed
to endure the shock of carrier landings, the salty spray of the
sea. Imagine if u just take any jet engine and operate near the
ocean, sucking all the salty spray... woosh.
As for the impact the aircraft makes on landing... heh. Lets just
say, landing on a carrier is not really a landing. Its more like a
controlled crash.
