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The Last Supper specifically portrays the reaction given by each
apostle when Jesus said one of them would betray him. All twelve
apostles have different reactions to the news, with various degrees
of anger and shock. From left to right:
* Bartholomew, James the Lesser and Andrew form a group of three,
all are surprised. Andrew holds both of his hands up in a "stop!"
gesture.
* Judas Iscariot, Peter and John form another group of three. Judas
is in shadow, looking rather withdrawn and taken aback by the
sudden revelation of his plan. He is clutching a small bag of
silver, given to him as payment to betray Jesus. Peter looks angry;
perhaps foreshadowing Peter's reaction in Gethsemane. Peter is
holding a knife, which is pointed away from Christ, also a
foreshadowing of Peter's violent protection of Christ in
Gethsemane. The youngest apostle, John, appears to swoon.
* Thomas, James Major and Philip are the next group of three.
Thomas is clearly upset; James the Greater looks stunned, with his
arms in the air. Meanwhile, Philip appears to be requesting some
explanation.
* Matthew, Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Zealot are a part of the
final group of three. Both Jude Thaddeus and Matthew are turned
toward Simon, perhaps to find out if he has any answer to their
initial questions.
These names are all agreed upon by art historians. In the 19th
century, a manuscript (The Notebooks Leonardo Da Vinci pg. 232) was
found with their names; before this only Judas, Peter, John and
Jesus were positively identified.
