The Advanced Block 50/52 F-16
By Mike Nipper
Continuous evolution and affordability have been keys to the
enduring popularity of the F-16 in the world fighter market. New
capabilities have regularly been added to the Fighting Falcon over
the past three decades by upgrading systems and software as well as
by incorporating the latest types of munitions. The F-16 also
boasts the lowest total ownership costs of any fourth-generation
fighter, including costs associated with development, acquisition,
operation and maintenance, and upgrades. The newest variants of the
F-16 build on these traditions.
The latest Fighting Falcons rolling off the Lockheed Martin
production line in Fort Worth, Texas, carry the generic label of
Advanced Block 50/52 F-16s. This version represents the largest
configuration change in program history, a feat that was completed
in record time. Additional fuel and payload capacity, new or
improved avionics and sensors, color cockpit displays with enhanced
pilot/vehicle interfaces, and other important improvements make
these aircraft the most capable F-16s produced to date. (USAF Block
40/42 and Block 50/52 F-16s are keeping up with some of these
improvements through retrofit in the Common Configuration
Implementation Program.)
So far, six countries have ordered Advanced Block 50/52 F-16s to
modernize their fighter forces. Each variant is somewhat
country-specific, and some customers have selected their own
designations. For example, the lead customer, the Hellenic Air
Force, has exclusively adopted the moniker Block 52+ for its
versions. The first six of the sixty HAF aircraft on order were
delivered to Greece last May. Israel has adopted the designation
F-16I to distinguish its Advanced Block 52 variant and has given it
the nickname Soufa, meaning storm in Hebrew. All 102 F-16Is will be
two-seat versions, and production deliveries begin this fall.
Advanced Block 50/52 F-16s are difficult to tell from previous
F-16s because the differences are primarily on the inside. The
following categories detail some of the more significant
changes.
Conformal Fuel Tanks
The most distinguishing external feature of an Advanced Block
50/52, when installed, is a set of conformal fuel tanks attached to
the upper fuselage. All of these latest F-16s have structural,
plumbing, and wiring provisions for the conformal tanks. The tank
set holds 450 gallons (more than 3,000 pounds) of additional
JP-5/8. The extra fuel increases range, loiter time, and combat
persistence as well as reduces the demand for tanker support. Range
increase is on the order of twenty to forty percent, depending on
the stores configuration and mission profile.
The conformals, which can be used in lieu of wing tanks, free the
inner wing store stations and can double the primary air-to-ground
payload. The tanks have an imperceptible effect on the F-16s
agility, handling qualities, flight limits, and signature.
Moreover, the tanks do not interfere with daily inspections and
servicing, and the impact on maintenance access is minimal. A
complete set can be removed or replaced in two hours by a small
crew and a hoist.
600-Gallon Wing Tanks
The Advanced Block 50/52 variant is certified to carry the
600-gallon wing fuel tanks. These tanks increase range or
persistence up to thirty percent over the standard 370-gallon wing
tanks. The tanks are mounted on non-jettisonable pylons that can
also carry the more common 370-gallon tanks.
Landing Gear
The Advanced Block 50/52 versions have heavy-weight landing gear
designed for up to 52,000 pounds maximum takeoff gross
weight.
Radar
A major enhancement is the Northrop Grumman APG-68(V)9 multimode
radar, one of the most advanced radars in the skies today. This
radar has more than fivefold faster processing speed and tenfold
greater memory capacity over the previous APG-68(V)7/8 radar. The
new processors have even higher growth potential.
A high-resolution synthetic aperture radar mode allows the pilot to
locate and recognize tactical ground targets from considerable
distances. In conjunction with inertially aided weapons, such as
GBU-31 Joint Direct Attack Munition, the AGM-154 Joint Standoff
Weapon, and CBU-103/104/105 Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser, the
F-16 gains an enhanced capability for all-weather precision strike
from standoff distances. The radar features an inertial measurement
unit that improves dynamic tracking performance and provides an
auto-boresight capability, which increases accuracy and eliminates
the need for time-consuming mechanical boresighting.
Air-to-air improvements in-clude a thirty percent increase in
detection range and improvements in functionality and tracking
quality in various modes.
Radar reliability is increased by fifty percent to nearly 400 hours
mean time between failures. Commercial off-the-shelf technology is
expected to improve supportability significantly. Using
off-the-shelf technology resolves existing issues with availability
and cost of spare parts and also makes technology refreshes more
affordable.
Targeting System
The Advanced Block 50/52 can employ the latest generation targeting
systems, such as the Lockheed Martin Sniper XR/Pantera targeting
pod that is mounted on the right inlet sensor station. In
conjunction with laser-guided bombs, the pod provides day/night
precision strikes from high altitudes. Among other uses, the
targeting systems can be used for seeker cueing of a variety of
guided weapons and covert air-to-air operations.
Navigation and Reconnaissance Pods
A navigation pod, such as LANTIRN/Pathfinder, can be fitted to the
left inlet sensor station. A variety of reconnaissance pods can be
carried on the centerline fuselage station.
Cockpit
The Advanced Block 50/52 cockpit features a helmet-mounted cueing
system, color multifunction displays and recording equipment,
cockpit lighting and external strip lighting compatible with night
vision goggles, and large-capacity data transfer sets.
A choice of helmet-mounted cueing systems is available. These
systems allow a pilot to direct sensors or weapons to his line of
sight or to help him find a designated target. The helmet display
also provides critical flight and target information to the pilot
similar to a head-up display, but in any direction the pilot
looks.
Dorsal Avionics Compartment
All two-seat models of the Advanced Block 50/52 have a distinctive
dorsal avionics compartment that allows these aircraft to
accommodate all of the systems of the single-seat model as well as
some special mission equipment and additional chaff/flare
dispensers. The rear cockpit can be configured for either a weapon
system operator or an instructor pilot and can be converted with a
single switch in the cockpit.
Communication, Navigation, and Identification
A variety of options are available in radio communication and
navigation systems, including UHF, VHF AM/FM, HF, satellite
communication, tactical air navigation, VHF omnidirectional
receiver, distance measuring equipment, and instrument landing
system. An integrated precision navigation suite consisting of a
ring laser gyro inertial navigation system, global positioning
system, and a digital terrain system is standard.
A choice of data link systems is offered, including the
NATO-standard Link 16, in addition to the data modem associated
with the UHF/VHF radios. Link 16 provides secure, jam-resistant,
high-volume data exchange on a multi-node network.
A standard feature on all F-16s today is a combined friend from foe
interrogator/ transponder, which permits autonomous identification
to maximize launch ranges of radar-guided air-to-air
missiles.
Core Avionics and Central Computer
The Advanced Block 50/52 offers two different core avionics
hardware and software architectures. Some aircraft have the modular
mission computer, while other customers have opted for the latest
general avionics computer. This generation of avionics computers
benefits from technology advances including increased processing
speeds and mem-ory capacity. They also incorporate off-the-shelf
technology, which improves supportability, provides refresh
roadmaps, and reduces future development costs. Some versions have
a high-speed fiber optic data bus, which provides large growth
potential for data throughput.Countermeasures
Equipment
All Advanced Block 50/52 versions have modern internal electronic
countermeasures systems. The Greek aircraft have the Advanced
Self-Protection Integrated Suite, which consists of the Northrop
Grumman ALR-93 radar warning receiver and electronic warfare
controller, the Raytheon ALQ-187 RF jammer, and the BAE Systems
ALE-47 chaff/ flare dispenser. The Israeli aircraft have an
electronic warfare suite produced by Elisra. Most other Advanced
Block 50/52 customers will have the ITT Advanced Internal Defensive
Electronic Warfare System. These systems provide integrated
electronic counter-measures, radar warning, and chaff/flare
dispensing for self-protection against a wide range of threats.
Internal mounting (in place of a countermeasure pod) eliminates
drag, provides full spherical antenna coverage, and frees up an
external station for other stores.
Engines
The Advanced Block 50/52 aircraft have a common engine bay that
allows customers a choice of engines in the 29,000-pound thrust
class. The Block 50s are powered by the General Electric
F110-GE-129 and have the Modular Common Inlet Duct (known as the
large mouth inlet). The Block 52s are powered by the Pratt &
Whitney F100-PW-229 and have a Normal Shock Inlet (known as the
small mouth inlet).
On-Board Oxygen Generation
An on-board oxygen-generating system replaces the liquid oxygen
system of earlier versions to provide breathable air to the pilot.
The system improves maintainability, deployability, and
safety
Other Equipment Options
Besides those alternatives already mentioned, F-16 customers still
have the option of a drag chute, paint schemes, and the worlds
largest inventory of certified storesmore than 100 items certified
in approximately 5,000 configurations. The Advanced Block 50/52s
are capable of delivering the US family of GPS-guided precision
weapons and a variety of high-off-boresight air-to-air missiles,
including the AIM-9X Sidewinder, IRIS-T, and Python IV.
Mike Nipper is Manager of Enterprise Communications at Lockheed
Martin Aeronautics Company in Fort Worth.
http://www.codeonemagazine.com/archives/2003/articles/jul_03/block50-52/index.html