Confirmed half of water extracted
locally
At
present, around 680,000 cubic metres of Singapore's water
consumption is sourced from domestic reservoirs.
---The Straits Times 16 Nov 05,''Nature conservation and water:
A link worth noting''
by Lee Poh Onn
water info updated---important
1.DEMAND SIDE
fr :
PUB's Key
envoronment stat figues 2006--
http://www.pub.gov.sg/downloads/pdf/kes2006.pdf
This may happen only here!!
Singapore water usage----more consumption,but less
demand!!Why?
year....................2002......03.........04.......05
population(m)......4.17.....4.19.....4.24....4.35
land(km2)..............685.....697......699....699
GDP at Current Market Prices (S$)......$194b
.........Per Capita GDP.......................$44,666
no.of NEWater..........0.......2...........3......3
plants
no of
desalination ...................................1
plant
Water treated..1,315...1,360....1,369.....1352( m3 in
1000/day)
Sale of potable...1,259...1,224...1,203....1206(m3..in
1000/day)
water
Domestic...............687......690......686.....694( m3
in 1000/day)
Non--domestic.......572......534......517.....512( m3 in
1000/day)
Domestic...............165......165......162.....160
consumption
litres/per capita/day
NEWater..................??.........27.....55......73(
m3 in 1000/day)
Industrail water.......??.......98.....104.....107( m3
in 1000/day)
water treated...56......136........166....?(m3..in 1000 per
day)
more than sale
1.1 we need to concern the volume of of potable water sold.
99 % of this potable water come from catchment,1 % from
NEWater.
The sources of NEWater (the ultra pure water)and
industrial water(low grade reclaimed water from sewage
for non--potable use) is unlimted from sewage.
In spore,100% of sewage is collected and treated to
international standard before discharged into sea.
supply side hopefully can bring to u today....
2.PROJECTED SUPPLY SIDE
pl read the top
Projected sources of water supply in 2011,per day,in m3
Local catchment............650,000...m3 ,as at '03,50% of
demand(state secret)
NEWater................290,000(Note
1)
Desalination
.................136,000...(30 mgd---million gallon per day)
Marina
Reservoir &..........95,000...(NOTE 2) 1.35 m m3x 0.5 x
0.14
intergration of reservoirs
New reservoirs.........??????(note 3)
variable
salinity plant...................????(NOTE 5,can
increase catchment to 90%)
membrane distillation...................????(pilot testing.read
link of salinity plant)
(NOTE 6)
Total minimum .........1,170,000 m3 per day
NOTE:
1.This press release states that by 2011,non-potable NEWwater
is 55 mgd,15% of daily needs.Potable water up to 2.5% of daily
needs,
i calculate to be 9 mgd.Total 64 mgd =290,000 m3.
NEWater is in high demand from electronic industry which need
ample
of water in wafer manufacturing.NEWater can be used in air cond
cooling,
central cool water for new CBD etc.No need to worry we have to
drink
too much NEWater.
Please note that NEWater would be available to companies (for
non-potable uses) located in the following supply zones:
. Bedok (includes Tampines, Pasir Ris, Loyang, Chai Chee,
etc)
. Kranji (includes Woodlands, Yishun, etc)
. Seletar (includes Ang Mo Kio, Yio Chu Kang, etc)
----fr PUB
At least 55 mgd of NEWater will be supplied directly to industries
-and 10 mgd will be blended with freshwater in reservoirs by
2011.
2.
So excess water from the Marina Reservoir will be pumped to the
Upper Peirce Reservoir for storage before treatment. We are linking
up all the reservoirs for surplus water to be channelled to other
reservoirs increasing the yield of water extracted by 14%.
--MM LEE AT THE MARINA BARRAGE COMMENCEMENT CEREMONY ON 22 MARCH
2005
3.The proposed new reservoir in the down stream of Lower Seletar
Reservoir in 2009. and Sg
Punggol and Sg Serangoon will turn to reservoirs
too.
Feasibility and engineering studies were conducted for the Seletar
Serangoon Reservoir Scheme (SSRS) project was completed in
2003
4.
Max capacity of Industrial Water is 200,000 m3
5.variable salinity plant
The
demonstration plant is currently under construction at Sungei
Tampines and is expected to be ready by end-2006.If successful,
it can
potentially increase the water catchment area in Singapore from 67
per cent to 90 per cent.
This variable salinity method has already gone through the Pilot
testing.
So ,PUB will not spent so much $$ to build demonstration
plant
if this method not promising.
6.membrane distillation
On the other hand, the membrane distillation plant utilises
low-grade steam or heat from power stations, refuse incineration
plants and other heat-generating plants to produce drinking water
from seawater. This is unlike the current conventional reverse
osmosis desalination approach, which requires high pressures to
push water through a reverse osmosis membrane.
Pilot testing started in January 2006 at a plant installed at
Senoko Refuse Incineration Plant. The low-grade residual steam from
the refuse incineration plant with a capacity of 1000 tonnes per
day could potentially produce 23,000 cubic metres (5 million
gallons per day) of near distilled water daily.
Conclusion
we need concern the volume of sale of potable water only.
Other format of water,NEWater and industrail water,its
sources
come from the sewage which is ample.
i cant project the demand of potable water which sales drops
from
...1,259,000 m3 in 2002 to 1,206,000 m3 in 2005.
This is close to projected water supply minimum 1,170,000 m3 per
day.
no need to guess if we need MY water.Just teach every one,
esp kids,save water every day.Migrate to Aussie for scare
of water supply.Over there water is a problem....
