Translator's note: For a discussion of this
discourse in the general context of the Buddha's teaching on
kamma (karma), see "Kamma
& the Ending of Kamma" in The Wings to
Awakening.
"Monks, for anyone who says, 'In whatever way a person makes
kamma, that is how it is experienced,' there is no living of the
holy life, there is no opportunity for the right ending of stress.
But for anyone who says, 'When a person makes kamma to be felt in
such & such a way, that is how its result is experienced,'
there is the living of the holy life, there is the opportunity for
the right ending of stress.
"There is the case where a trifling evil deed done by a certain
individual takes him to hell. There is the case where the very same
sort of trifling deed done by another individual is experienced in
the here & now, and for the most part barely appears for a
moment.
"Now, a trifling evil deed done by what sort of individual takes
him to hell? There is the case where a certain individual is
undeveloped in [contemplating] the body, undeveloped in virtue,
undeveloped in mind, undeveloped in discernment: restricted,
small-hearted, dwelling with suffering. A trifling evil deed done
by this sort of individual takes him to hell.
"Now, a trifling evil deed done by what sort of individual is
experienced in the here & now, and for the most part barely
appears for a moment? There is the case where a certain individual
is developed in [contemplating] the body, developed in virtue,
developed in mind, developed in discernment: unrestricted,
large-hearted, dwelling with the immeasurable.[1] A trifling evil deed done by this sort of
individual is experienced in the here & now, and for the most
part barely appears for a moment.
"Suppose that a man
were to drop a salt crystal into a small amount of water in a cup.
What do you think? Would the water in the cup become salty because
of the salt crystal, and unfit to drink?"
"Yes, lord. Why is that? There being only a small amount of
water in the cup, it would become salty because of the salt
crystal, and unfit to drink."
"Now suppose that a man were to drop a salt crystal into the
River Ganges. What
do you think? Would the water in the River Ganges become salty
because of the salt crystal, and unfit to drink?"
"No, lord. Why is that? There being a great mass of water in the
River Ganges, it would not become salty because of the salt crystal
or unfit to drink."
"In the same way, there is the case where a trifling evil deed
done by one individual [the first] takes him to hell; and there is
the case where the very same sort of trifling deed done by the
other individual is experienced in the here & now, and for the
most part barely appears for a moment.
'Now, a trifling evil act done by what sort of individual takes
him to hell? There is the case where a certain individual is
undeveloped in the body, [2] undeveloped in virtue, undeveloped in mind
[i.e., painful feelings can invade the mind and stay there],
undeveloped in discernment: restricted, small-hearted, dwelling
with suffering. A trifling evil act done by this sort
of individual takes him to hell.
'Now, a trifling evil act done by what sort of individual is
experienced in the here & now, and for the most part barely
appears for a moment? There is the case where a certain individual
is developed in the body,[3] developed in virtue, developed in mind [i.e.,
painful feelings cannot invade the mind and stay there], developed
in discernment: unrestricted, large-hearted, dwelling with the
unlimited. A trifling evil act done by this sort of individual is
experienced in the here & now, and for the most part barely
appears for a moment.
"There is the case
where a certain person is thrown into jail for half a dollar
(kahapana), is thrown into jail for a dollar, is thrown
into jail for one hundred dollars. And there is the case where
another person is not thrown into jail for half a dollar, is not
thrown into jail for a dollar, is not thrown into jail for one
hundred dollars. Now what sort of person is thrown into jail for
half a dollar... for a dollar... for one hundred dollars? There is
the case where a person is poor, of little wealth, of few
possessions. This is the sort of person who is thrown into jail for
half a dollar... for a dollar... for one hundred dollars. And what
sort of person is not thrown into jail for half a dollar... for a
dollar... for one hundred dollars? There is the case where a person
is wealthy, with many belongings, many possessions. This is the
sort of person who is not thrown into jail for half a dollar... for
a dollar... for one hundred dollars.
"In the same way, there is the case where a trifling evil deed
done by one individual takes him to hell; and there is the case
where the very same sort of trifling deed done by the other
individual is experienced in the here & now, and for the most
part barely appears for a moment.
"Now, a trifling evil deed done by what sort of individual takes
him to hell? There is the case where a certain individual is
undeveloped in [contemplating] the body, undeveloped in virtue,
undeveloped in mind, undeveloped in discernment: restricted,
small-hearted, dwelling with suffering. A trifling evil deed done
by this sort of individual takes him to hell.
"Now, a trifling evil deed done by what sort of individual is
experienced in the here & now, and for the most part barely
appears for a moment? There is the case where a certain individual
is developed in [contemplating] the body, developed in virtue,
developed in mind, developed in discernment: unrestricted,
large-hearted, dwelling with the immeasurable. A trifling evil deed
done by this sort of individual is experienced in the here &
now, and for the most part barely appears for a moment.
"It's just as when
a goat butcher is empowered to beat or bind or slay or treat as
he likes a certain person who steals a goat, but is not empowered
to beat or bind or slay or treat as he likes another person who
steals a goat. Now, when what sort of person has stolen a goat is
the goat butcher empowered to beat him or bind him or slay him or
treat him as he likes? There is the case where a person is poor, of
little wealth, of few possessions. This is the sort of person who,
when he has stolen a goat, the goat butcher is empowered to beat or
bind or slay or treat as he likes. And when what sort of person has
stolen a goat is the goat butcher not empowered to beat him or bind
him or slay him or treat him as he likes? There is the case where a
person is wealthy, with many belongings, many possessions; a king
or a king's minister. This is the sort of person who, when he has
stolen a goat, the goat butcher is not empowered to beat or bind or
slay or treat as he likes. All he can do is go with his hands
clasped before his heart and beg: 'Please, dear sir, give me a goat
or the price of a goat.'
"In the same way, there is the case where a trifling evil deed
done by one individual takes him to hell; and there is the case
where the very same sort of trifling deed done by the other
individual is experienced in the here & now, and for the most
part barely appears for a moment.
"Now, a trifling evil deed done by what sort of individual takes
him to hell? There is the case where a certain individual is
undeveloped in [contemplating] the body, undeveloped in virtue,
undeveloped in mind, undeveloped in discernment: restricted,
small-hearted, dwelling with suffering. A trifling evil deed done
by this sort of individual takes him to hell.
"Now, a trifling evil deed done by what sort of individual is
experienced in the here & now, and for the most part barely
appears for a moment? There is the case where a certain individual
is developed in [contemplating] the body, developed in virtue,
developed in mind, developed in discernment: unrestricted,
large-hearted, dwelling with the immeasurable. A trifling evil deed
done by this sort of individual is experienced in the here &
now, and for the most part barely appears for a moment.
"Monks, for anyone who says, 'In whatever way a person makes
kamma, that is how it is experienced,' there is no living of the
holy life, there is no opportunity for the right ending of stress.
But for anyone who says, 'When a person makes kamma to be felt in
such & such a way, that is how its result is experienced,'
there is the living of the holy life, there is the opportunity for
the right ending of stress."
See also: MN
86; MN
101;
AN 3.33;
AN 10.208.